This lesson introduces you to more methods that you will utilize throughout this course. One important feature C# provides is a collection math methods and constants for performing advanced math operations. Here are a few that we will cover:
Math.Round() - Rounds a number. Can be used to round to a specific decimal place.Math.Floor() - Always rounds down to the nearest integer.Math.Ceiling() - Always roudns up to the nearest integer.Math.Sqrt() - Calculate the square root of a non-negative number.Math.Pow() - Raise a base number to the specified exponent.Math.PI - Represents the constant value π (pi).Another interesting thing we do in programming is generate random numbers. This allows us to make dynamic games with chance, autogenerate data, etc. We will use a new data type called Random for generating random numbers. The syntax for creating a Random variable is a little advanced, but we will learn about it in later sections.
Random data typeConsole.WriteLine("--- Circumference Calculator ---");
Console.Write("Enter radius: ");
double radius = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine());
double circumference = 2 * Math.PI * radius;
Console.WriteLine($"Radius: {radius}, Circumference: {circumference}");
Console.WriteLine($"Rounded circumference {Math.Round(circumference, 2)}\n");
Console.WriteLine("--- More math functions --");
// Exponents
Console.Write("Enter base number: ");
double number = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine());
Console.WriteLine($"{number} cubed equals {Math.Pow(number, 3)}");
// Square roots
Console.Write("Enter a positive number: ");
number = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine());
Console.WriteLine($"The square root of {number} is {Math.Sqrt(number)}");
// More rounding
Console.Write("Enter a decimal number: ");
number = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine());
Console.WriteLine($"Round: {Math.Round(number)}, Floor: {Math.Floor(number)}, Ceil: {Math.Ceiling(number)}\n");
Console.WriteLine("--- Random number generation ---");
Random random = new();
Console.WriteLine($"Random number between 1 and 10: {random.Next(1, 11)}");
Console.WriteLine($"Random number between 1 and 10: {random.Next(1, 11)}");
Console.WriteLine($"Random number between 1 and 10: {random.Next(1, 11)}");
--- Circumference Calculator ---
Enter radius: 15
Radius: 15, Circumference: 94.24777960769379
Rounded circumference 94.25
--- More math functions --
Enter base number: 7
7 cubed equals 343
Enter a positive number: 81
The square root of 81 is 9
Enter a decimal number: 3.543
Round: 4, Floor: 3, Ceil: 4
--- Random number generation ---
Random number between 1 and 10: 4
Random number between 1 and 10: 8
Random number between 1 and 10: 4
Random, click here.