This lesson introduces you to some essential math functions and constants provided by the Python math module. These tools will be invaluable throughout your programming journey, helping you perform advanced mathematical operations with ease. Here are some of the functions and constants we’ll cover:
round() - Rounds a number to the nearest integer or to a specified number of decimal places.math.sqrt() - Calculates the square root of a non-negative number.math.pow() - Raises a base number to the specified exponent.math.pi - Represents the constant value π (pi).In Python, to use the functions and constants provided by the math module, you need to import it first. This is done using the import statement:
import math
Modules are collections of code that you can easily add, or import, into your application to extend its functionality.
Note that you don’t need to use math. before the round() function because it’s already available for you to use directly.
Examples
import math
# Rounding a number using round()
rounded_number = round(33.526) # Rounds to the nearest integer (34)
rounded_number_2 = round(33.526, 2) # Rounds to the second decimal place (33.53)
# Rounding up and down using math functions
ceil_number = math.ceil(33.526) # Rounds up to 34
floor_number = math.floor(33.526) # Rounds down to 33
# Calculating square root
sqrt_value = math.sqrt(16) # Returns 4.0
# Raising to a power
power_value = math.pow(2, 3) # Returns 8.0
# Using the constant π
pi_value = math.pi # Returns 3.141592653589793
print(f"Pi value: {pi_value}")
Another interesting aspect of programming is the ability to generate random numbers. This capability allows us to create dynamic games involving chance, automatically generate data, and much more.
In Python, we use the random module to generate random numbers. We import the random module and use its functions to generate random values.
To generate a random integer within a specified range, you can use the randint() function.
import random
random_number = random.randint(1, 100) # Generates a number between 1 and 100
print(f"Random number between 1 and 100: {random_number}")
Example Video
randint() function# Import the math and random modules
import math
import random
print("--- Demo 1 - Circumference Calculator ---\n")
radius = float(input("Enter radius: "))
circumference = 2 * math.pi * radius
print(f"Radius: {radius}, Circumference: {circumference}")
print(f"Rounded circumference: {round(circumference, 2)}\n")
input("Press enter to continue...")
print("--- Demo 2 - More Math Functions ---")
print("-Exponents-")
number = float(input("Enter base number: "))
exponent = float(input("Enter exponent: "))
print(f"{number}^{exponent} is {math.pow(number, exponent)}\n")
print("-Square Roots-")
number = float(input("Enter a positive number: "))
print(f"The square root of {number} is {math.sqrt(number)}\n")
input("Press enter to continue...")
print("--- Demo 3 - Random Number Generation ---")
n1 = random.randint(1, 10) # 1 to 10
n2 = random.randint(1, 1000) # 1 to 1000
print(f"Random number between 1 and 10: {n1}")
print(f"Random number between 1 and 1000: {n2}")
--- Demo 1 - Circumference Calculator ---
Enter radius: 42
Radius: 42.0, Circumference: 263.89378290154264
Rounded circumference: 263.89
Press enter to continue...
--- Demo 2 - More Math Functions ---
-Exponents-
Enter base number: 2
Enter exponent: 8
2.0^8.0 is 256.0
-Square Roots-
Enter a positive number: 45
The square root of 45.0 is 6.708203932499369
Press enter to continue...
--- Demo 3 - Random Number Generation ---
Random number between 1 and 10: 1
Random number between 1 and 1000: 374